Air Toxics Emissions Inventory Protocol for the Great Lakes States

8.0 References

Section 8.1 presents a bibliography of useful references for estimating emissions. Section 8.2 presents the references cited in the preparation of this document.

8.1 Bibliography of Useful Information for Estimating Emissions

The U.S. EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) has published a variety of documents to assist in the preparation of emission inventories. The OAQPS also maintains computerized databases and references, and offers training courses through U.S. EPA's Air Pollution Training Institute. The best way to obtain current information from OAQPS is to access the Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emission Factors (CHIEF) bulletin board via computer modem (telephone [919] 541-5742 1200/2400/9600 bps). This bulletin board affords access to a wide array of documents and other information sources.

The U.S. EPA documents that are available for sale can be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) (voice telephone [703] 487-4650). The U.S. EPA Publications Bibliography, available free from NTIS, lists the U.S. EPA publications available through NTIS. Another valuable handbook available free from NTIS is ACCESS EPA (EPA-220B-92-014). ACCESS EPA is a guide to guides, identifying hotlines, computer bulletin boards, administrative offices, clearinghouses, databases, and library information services within U.S. EPA.

You may also computer-search a complete listing of U.S. EPA documents in the U.S. EPA National Catalog, which may be accessed via U.S. EPA OnLine Service (modem line [919] 549-0720 1200/2400/9600 bps).

The most valuable and popular U.S. EPA emission inventory guidance documents include:

AP-42 Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors (U.S. EPA OAQPS) (2 vols w/supplements A through F). Volume One contains emission factors for point and area emission sources. Volume Two provides documentation for U.S. EPA's mobile source emissions model, MOBILE 5.0. Note that MOBILE 5.0 and the MOBILE 5.0 User's Guide are available to be downloaded from the CHIEF bulletin board.

U.S. EPA Air Emissions Species Manuals (EPA-450/2-88-003a,b,c). U.S. EPA OAQPS, 1988/1989. These manuals contain the species profiles included in the SPECIATE data base, which is available from the CHIEF bulletin board. The hard-copy documents with updates, however, may not be as up-to-date as the software.

Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors - A Compilation for Selected Air Toxic Compounds and Sources, Second Edition (EPA-450/2-90-011). U.S. EPA OAQPS, 1990. This document is a hard copy version of many of the emission factors included in the computerized databases XATEF and FIRE, which are available from the CHIEF bulletin board. Note that the computerized databases are periodically updated while the hard copy document is current only to the date of publication.

AIRS Facility Subsystem - Source Classification Codes and Emission Factor Listing for Criteria Air Pollutants (EPA 450/4-90-003). U.S. EPA OAQPS, March 1990.

Estimating Air Toxics Emissions from Coal and Oil Combustion Sources (EPA-450/2-89-001). U.S. EPA OAQPS, 1989. This document presents detailed breakdowns and discusses the bases for many of the emission factors now found in the computerized databases.

Technical Guidance Document to the Criteria and Guidelines Regulation for AB-2588 (Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Information and Assessment Act of 1987. California Air Resources Board, Technical Support Division, Emission Inventory Branch, August 1989.

Procedures for the Preparation of Emission Inventories for Carbon Monoxide and Precursors of Ozone (EPA-450/4-91-016). U.S. EPA OAQPS, 1991.

Procedures for Estimating and Allocating Area Source Emissions of Air Toxics Working Draft. Versar Inc, Springfield VA, prepared for OAQPS Noncriteria Pollutant Programs Branch, U.S. EPA Contract No. 68-02-4254, March 1989.

Standard Industrial Classification Manual - 1987. Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1987.

Encyclopedia of Methods - Draft. Radian Corporation, U.S. EPA Contract No. 68-D1-0031.
Volume I: Emissions Inventory Fundamentals;
Volume II: Point Sources;
Volume III: Area Sources;
Volume IV: Mobile Sources;
Volume V: Quality Assurance/Quality Control;
Volume VI: Biogenics;
Volume VII: Projection Inventories;
Volume VIII: Speciation and Temporal and Spatial Allocation;
Volume IX: Bibliography.
Prepared for the Joint Emissions Inventory Oversight Group, October 1993.

Note: This document is available only from the Great Lakes Commission.

Regional Air Pollutant Inventory Development System (RAPIDS) - User's Guide to the Alpha 2 Version. Prepared for the Great Lakes Commission by Radian Corporation (undated).

Regional Air Pollutant Inventory Development System (RAPIDS) - System Manual for the Alpha 2 Version. Prepared for the Great Lakes Commission by Radian Corporation (undated).

Regional Air Pollutant Inventory Development System (RAPIDS) - Software Requirements Specification (SRS) and Software Detailed Design (SDD). Prepared for the Great Lakes Commission by Radian Corporation, January 13, 1994.

U.S. EPA Locating and Estimating (L&E) Documents. Each document in this series of 23 reports focuses on a specific toxic air contaminant and on those sources that may emit that contaminant.

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Cadmium (EPA-454/R-93-040 68-D2-0159).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Carbon Tetrachloride (EPA-450/4-84-007b).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Chlorobenzenes (EPA-450/4-84-007m).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Chromium (EPA-450/4-84-007g), Supplement (EPA-450/2-89-002).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Manganese (EPA-450/4-84-007h).

Locating and Estimating Air Toxic Emissions from Sources of Medical Waste Incinerators (EPA-454/R-93-053).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Mercury and Mercury Compounds (EPA-454/R-93-023 68-D2-0159).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Methylene Chloride (EPA-454/R-93-006).

Locating and Estimating Air Toxics Emissions from Municipal Waste Combustors (EPA-450/2-89-006).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Nickel (EPA-450/4-84-007f).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) (EPA-450/4-84-007n).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM) (EPA-450/4-84-007p).

Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of Perchloroethylene and Trichloroethylene (EPA-450/2-89013).

Locating and Estimating Air Toxics Emissions from Sewage Sludge Incinerators (EPA-450/2-90-009 68-02-4392).

U.S. EPA Control Technology Guideline (CTG) Documents. Each document in this series contains information on the effectiveness and applicability of various control technologies with regard to a specific industry or process. Individual documents have not been listed here.

In-Software User Guidance Provided in Various Emission Estimation Software Packages Available from U.S. EPA:

TANKS 2.0 - Storage tank emission estimation software
FIRE and FIRE/GLC - Factor Information Retrieval System
XATEF - Crosswalk/Air Toxics Emission Factor Database
SIMS - Surface Impoundment Modeling System
LAEEM - Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model

References specific to the preparation of an esmissions inventory for on-road mobile sources:

• User's Guide to MOBILE4.1 (Mobile Source Emission Factor Model (w/updates for MOBILE5.0) (EPA-AA-TEB-91-01). U.S. EPA Office of Mobile Sources.
• Geocoded Emissions Modeling and Projections (GEMAP) and Motor Vehicle Emission Model (MoVEM) System Documentation, Radian Corporation, Prepared for Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, December 1992
• "Producing Gridded, On-Road Vehicle Emissions Estimates Using the MoVEM Model," presented by Dickson, E.L., L. Bruckman, and P.K. Brooks at the USEPA/AWMA Specialty Conference "Emission Inventory Issues," Durham, NC. October 10-12, 1992.
• "Development of Transportation Data for Use in Photochemical Grid Modeling," presented by Bruckman, L. and E.L. Dickson at the 85th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, Kansas City, Missouri. June 21-26, 1992.
• "Description of a New Motor Vehicle Emissions Model (MoVEM)," presented by Bruckman, L., E.L. Dickson, and P.K. Brooks at the USEPA/AWMA Specialty Conference "Emission Inventory Issues in the 1990s," Durham, NC. September 10-12, 1991.
• Preparation of Transportation Data for Use in Emissions Modeling. Radian Corporation. Transportation Research Board Paper No. 930333. January 1993.

8.2 References Cited

ARB, 1989.

Technical Guidance Document to the Criteria and Guidelines Regulations for AB-2588. California Air Resources Board, Technical Support Division, Emissions Inventory Branch. August.

Council of Great Lakes Governors, 1986.

Final Report: Great Lakes Governors' Task Force on Toxics Substance Control. November.

FIRE User's Manual.

Office of Management and Budget, 1987.

Standard Industrial Classification Manual -- 1987. Executive Office of the President.

Radian Corporation, 1994.

"Development of the Regional Air Pollutant Inventory Development System (RAPIDS) for the Great Lakes Commission and the Great Lakes States." AWMA Paper #94-A1146, June.

RAPIDS User's Manual.

RAPIDS Systems Manual.

RAPIDS Conceptual Design/SRS/SDD.

U.S. EPA, 1985.

Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. AP-AP-42. Fourth edition. September.

U.S. EPA, 1988.

Air Emissions Specie Manual. U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. EPA-450/2-88-003a. April.

U.S. EPA, 1992.

Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation (Four Volumes), U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.

U.S. EPA, 1993a.

Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study. U.S. EPA, Office of Mobile Sources, Ann Arbor, MI. EPA 420-R-93-005. April.

U.S. EPA, 1993b.

Encyclopedia of Methods - Volume III: Area Sources (draft). U.S. EPA, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory. October 26. Note: this document is available only from the Great Lakes Commission.

Versar, 1989.

Procedures for Estimating and Allocating Area Source Emissions of Air Toxics, Working Draft. Prepared for U.S. EPA, OAQPS. Contract 68-02-4254, Work Assignment 105. March.

Verschueren, K., 1983.

Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, Second Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.